Chemistry

Molecular Structure of Ice Surface with Pure Water and Solution.

This image illustrates the molecular interactions at the surface of ice, comparing the behavior of pure liquid water and a solution. In panel (a), water molecules at the surface of ice interact with the liquid water above, while in panel (b), solute particles (blue spheres) are introduced, showing how the surface structure changes when a solution is present.

This figure is essential for chemistry textbooks studying phase transitions, surface chemistry, and the effects of solutes on freezing points. It provides a clear visual for understanding key concepts in physical chemistry and thermodynamics.

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